Following WWII, there were three worlds: -industrialized capatalist nations (USA and allies) -Communist nations (led by the Soviet Union) -Developing nations (Latin America, Asia, and America)
Third worlds were economically poor and politically unstable.
"Nonaligned nations"- a "third force" of independent countries formed by many leaders from Asia and Africa at the Bandung Conference
Confrontation in Latin America
-In the 50s, Fulgencio Batista ruled Cuba, but was overthrown in 1959 by Fidel Castro -Castro brought social reforms and improved the economy, but suspended elections and executed opponents -He took over US owned sugar mills and refineries, and in response Eisenhower ordered and embargo on all trade with Cuba -In 1961 anit-Castro Cuban exiles invaded Cuba but Castro's forces easily defeated them -Soviet leader Nikita Khruscheb secretly began to build 42 missile sites in Cuba -They were discovered and JFK announced they were a threat and demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of Cuba to prevent the Soviets from continuing production -The Soviets agreed to remove the missiles if the US promised not to invade Cuba; in exchange, Castro backed Communist revolutions in Latin America and Africa -The break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991 weakened Cuba's economy but Castro refused ecnomic reforms or to give up power
Conflicts in the Middle East
-US and Soviet Union were fighting over the oil in the Middle East -Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi embraced Western governments and wealthy Western oil companies -Nationalists wanted to preserve traditional Islamic values, so they opposed Shah -In 1953 they forced Shah to flee, so the US feared that the Soviet Union would support Iran, they helped the shah return to power -The shah came back to power and westernized his country, however, many Iranians lived in extreme poverty -The shah tried to weaken the political influence of ayatollahs, conservative Muslim leaders; the leader, Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini, caused rioting and when faced with overwhelming opposition, the shah fled in 1979, leaving Khomeini in power to establish an Islamic state -In 1979, Islamic revolutionaries took more then 60 hostages from the U.S. embassy in Tehran, and held them for 444 dats before their release in 1981 -On 1980, war broke out between Iran and Irag, and in 1988 a ceasefire was negotiated
That's about all you need to know. Good luck tomorrow!
The disadvantages of being a nonaligned nation were as follows: struggling to stay neutral, battling nations playing against you, pressure to join the war effort, and competition.
The Islamic fundamentalists took control of Iran because Iran's leader embraced Western thought and governments and wealthy Western oil companies; however, Iranian nationalists resented these alliances and united under Prime Minister Muhammed Mossadeq. Pretty much, the leader of Iran wanted Western help and influence; while, the nationalists wanted to keep Islamic tradition alive.
CONFRONTATIONS IN LATIN AMERICA • Latin American nations requested air from the superpowers for their income gap troubles while moving between democracy and military rule • Communism and nationalism sparked revolutionary movements (Soviet support) • Fidel Castro- 1950s Cuba was ruled by unpopular dictator (Batista) =revolution=Castro o Harsh dictator, supported at first by many o Took over the US owned sugar mills and the economy of Cuba o US trained anti-Castro Cuban exile to invade, but was defeated • Cuban Missile Crisis- Soviet leader began building 42 missile sites in Cuba o Discovered by American spy plane=declared a threat=demanded removal o Missiles were removed, and Castro became dependant on the Soviets o 1991 break up of Soviet Union left Cuba’s economy decimated • Civil War in Nicaragua o Dictator Somoza funded Batista in Cuba o Somoza’s sons toppled by Communist Sandinista, who initially had US and Soviet support o Civil war lasted over a decade and crippled Nicaragua’s economy o In 1990, President Ortega allowed a free election and was beaten by Chamorro, a reform candidate
Good luck to everyone on the STAR testing tomarrow! -Kim
Country: Cuba Conflict: The U.S. supported Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in the 1950s, but the cuban civilians revolted under the leadership of Fidel Castro. Castro nationalized Cuba's economy, threatening sugar mills and refineries owned by the U.S. Thus, Eisenhower issued an embargo on trade with Cuba, causing Castro to seek support from the Soviet Union. CIA trained anti-Castro Cuban exiles invaded, but were crushed at the Bay of Pigs. Then the Soviets began building missile sites in Cuba to target other Latin American countries. Kennedy issued a naval blockade of Cuba and demanded the removal of the missile sites. Kennedy and Soviet Khrushchev agreed that missiles would be removed if Cuba remained free of invasion.
Country: Nicaragua Conflict: The U.S. supported the Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza, but in 1979, the Sandanista communists gained power and were aided by the Soviets. America funded an anti-communist force called the Contras, who waged war against the government that lasted ten years until a free election was held in 1990 and the Sandanista party was defeated.
Country:Iran Conflict: Post World War II, Iran was led by Shah Muhammed Reza Pahlavi, who worked to adopt Western culture in the Islamic state. But in 1953, Iranian citizens united under the leadership of Prime Minister Muhammed Mossadeq and forced the Sha to flee. Nevertheless, the U.S. restored the Sha to power to prevent Iran from forming Soviet alliances. During the process of modernization, the Sha threatened the status of Muslim leaders called Ayatollahs. This caused Iranian citizens to revolt and install the exiled Ayatollah Ruholla Khumeini to power in 1979. The sha immdediately fled and Iran was returned to a strict Islamic state harboring a hatred for U.S. interference that continues to surface in present day events.
khrushchev, Soviet leader agreed to remove missiles from Cuba in return for the US promise not to invade Cuba. Cuba became dependent on Soviet support.
Significance of 1990 elections in Nicaragua-
The 1990 elecions were the first free elections in Nicaraguan history. A party called the Sandinistas had been in power prior to this (during Nicaragua's civil war) and have not won an election since.
Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan-
Soviets invaded Afghanistan to help support the falling communist government there. Soviets expected to enter quickly, fix Muslim revolts and leave; however, they were drawn into a battle with well prepared Afghan rebels
7 comments:
-Both sides of the Cold War tried to stop each other from extending their power
-Foreign Aid= Won allies by giving financial aid to other nations (Soviets helped Egypt build the Aswan High Dam)
-Espionage= Spying, James Bond stuff (Soviet shooting down of U.S. spy plane, U-2)
-Multinational Alliances= Both sides formed alliances, Soviets made the Warsaw Pact and the U.S. made NATO
-Propaganda= The nations tried to win support overseas (Radio Free Europe broadcast world news to Eastern Europe)
-Brinkmanship= Going to the brink of war to make the other side back down (Cuban Missile Crisis)
-Surrogate Wars= No direct fighting, backed opposite sides in many small conflicts
Alignment of Nations
-NATO= U.K., Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, West Germany, Luxembourg, France, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Turkey
I'll add the other nations later..... love, greg
Following WWII, there were three worlds:
-industrialized capatalist nations (USA and allies)
-Communist nations (led by the Soviet Union)
-Developing nations (Latin America, Asia, and America)
Third worlds were economically poor and politically unstable.
"Nonaligned nations"- a "third force" of independent countries formed by many leaders from Asia and Africa at the Bandung Conference
Confrontation in Latin America
-In the 50s, Fulgencio Batista ruled Cuba, but was overthrown in 1959 by Fidel Castro
-Castro brought social reforms and improved the economy, but suspended elections and executed opponents
-He took over US owned sugar mills and refineries, and in response Eisenhower ordered and embargo on all trade with Cuba
-In 1961 anit-Castro Cuban exiles invaded Cuba but Castro's forces easily defeated them
-Soviet leader Nikita Khruscheb secretly began to build 42 missile sites in Cuba
-They were discovered and JFK announced they were a threat and demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of Cuba to prevent the Soviets from continuing production
-The Soviets agreed to remove the missiles if the US promised not to invade Cuba; in exchange, Castro backed Communist revolutions in Latin America and Africa
-The break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991 weakened Cuba's economy but Castro refused ecnomic reforms or to give up power
Conflicts in the Middle East
-US and Soviet Union were fighting over the oil in the Middle East
-Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi embraced Western governments and wealthy Western oil companies
-Nationalists wanted to preserve traditional Islamic values, so they opposed Shah
-In 1953 they forced Shah to flee, so the US feared that the Soviet Union would support Iran, they helped the shah return to power
-The shah came back to power and westernized his country, however, many Iranians lived in extreme poverty
-The shah tried to weaken the political influence of ayatollahs, conservative Muslim leaders; the leader, Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini, caused rioting and when faced with overwhelming opposition, the shah fled in 1979, leaving Khomeini in power to establish an Islamic state
-In 1979, Islamic revolutionaries took more then 60 hostages from the U.S. embassy in Tehran, and held them for 444 dats before their release in 1981
-On 1980, war broke out between Iran and Irag, and in 1988 a ceasefire was negotiated
That's about all you need to know.
Good luck tomorrow!
The disadvantages of being a nonaligned nation were as follows: struggling to stay neutral, battling nations playing against you, pressure to join the war effort, and competition.
The Islamic fundamentalists took control of Iran because Iran's leader embraced Western thought and governments and wealthy Western oil companies; however, Iranian nationalists resented these alliances and united under Prime Minister Muhammed Mossadeq. Pretty much, the leader of Iran wanted Western help and influence; while, the nationalists wanted to keep Islamic tradition alive.
-Natasha
Good Luck!
CONFRONTATIONS IN LATIN AMERICA
• Latin American nations requested air from the superpowers for their income gap troubles while moving between democracy and military rule
• Communism and nationalism sparked revolutionary movements (Soviet support)
• Fidel Castro- 1950s Cuba was ruled by unpopular dictator (Batista) =revolution=Castro
o Harsh dictator, supported at first by many
o Took over the US owned sugar mills and the economy of Cuba
o US trained anti-Castro Cuban exile to invade, but was defeated
• Cuban Missile Crisis- Soviet leader began building 42 missile sites in Cuba
o Discovered by American spy plane=declared a threat=demanded removal
o Missiles were removed, and Castro became dependant on the Soviets
o 1991 break up of Soviet Union left Cuba’s economy decimated
• Civil War in Nicaragua
o Dictator Somoza funded Batista in Cuba
o Somoza’s sons toppled by Communist Sandinista, who initially had US and Soviet support
o Civil war lasted over a decade and crippled Nicaragua’s economy
o In 1990, President Ortega allowed a free election and was beaten by Chamorro, a reform candidate
Good luck to everyone on the STAR testing tomarrow!
-Kim
Country:
Cuba
Conflict:
The U.S. supported Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in the 1950s, but the cuban civilians revolted under the leadership of Fidel Castro. Castro nationalized Cuba's economy, threatening sugar mills and refineries owned by the U.S. Thus, Eisenhower issued an embargo on trade with Cuba, causing Castro to seek support from the Soviet Union. CIA trained anti-Castro Cuban exiles invaded, but were crushed at the Bay of Pigs. Then the Soviets began building missile sites in Cuba to target other Latin American countries. Kennedy issued a naval blockade of Cuba and demanded the removal of the missile sites. Kennedy and Soviet Khrushchev agreed that missiles would be removed if Cuba remained free of invasion.
Country: Nicaragua
Conflict:
The U.S. supported the Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza, but in 1979, the Sandanista communists gained power and were aided by the Soviets. America funded an anti-communist force called the Contras, who waged war against the government that lasted ten years until a free election was held in 1990 and the Sandanista party was defeated.
Country:Iran
Conflict:
Post World War II, Iran was led by Shah Muhammed Reza Pahlavi, who worked to adopt Western culture in the Islamic state. But in 1953, Iranian citizens united under the leadership of Prime Minister Muhammed Mossadeq and forced the Sha to flee. Nevertheless, the U.S. restored the Sha to power to prevent Iran from forming Soviet alliances. During the process of modernization, the Sha threatened the status of Muslim leaders called Ayatollahs. This caused Iranian citizens to revolt and install the exiled Ayatollah Ruholla Khumeini to power in 1979. The sha immdediately fled and Iran was returned to a strict Islamic state harboring a hatred for U.S. interference that continues to surface in present day events.
How the Cuban Missle Crisis was resolved-
khrushchev, Soviet leader agreed to remove missiles from Cuba in return for the US promise not to invade Cuba. Cuba became dependent on Soviet support.
Significance of 1990 elections in Nicaragua-
The 1990 elecions were the first free elections in Nicaraguan history. A party called the Sandinistas had been in power prior to this (during Nicaragua's civil war) and have not won an election since.
Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan-
Soviets invaded Afghanistan to help support the falling communist government there. Soviets expected to enter quickly, fix Muslim revolts and leave; however, they were drawn into a battle with well prepared Afghan rebels
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